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| Blenkinsopp
Castle as it appears today. (Source: Donald Blankenship) |
| Blenkinsopp Castle history |
| How a family home became
a castle |
On
6 May 1340--or 1339
according to John Watson's Haltwistle
History Thomas
Blenkinsopp was granted license to crenellate his
home at Blenkinsopp. The term 'crenellate' refers to the
act of transforming a manor into a stronghold by adding battlements
and other reinforcements to its design. Such construction
was regulated in order to maintain peace in the realm, and
a royal license was required to begin modifications of this
kind. The land it was built on had been in family hands since
1240 when it belonged to Randolph de Blenkinsopp.
By the year 1415--the same year as the Battle of Agincourt--it
was listed as a castrum in regional
records. Somewhere in the 1400s, a man named Dobson recorded,
the northeast tower was altered. His document is undated
and not very specific, but it does lend evidence that the
castle was being put to use. This was the period of the Border
Reivers, an infamous confederation of semi-lawless
lords who prospered during the conflict between England and
Scotland. The Blenkinsopp family is known to have been among
them. By 1542, the castle had fallen into decay and was abandoned
in favor of the Tower of Bellister.
According
to research by Dr. Charles Coulson, the aforementioned source
has been discredited. Through his research, he determined
that crenellation was very often symbolic and did not turn
buildings into strongholds; crenellations were very much
seen as symbols of nobility. A royal license was not 'required'
to fortify a building, but rather a document desired for
its considerable social cachet. However, many castles and
towers were nonetheless fortified without such license and
many completely unfortified buildings were granted licenses
to crenellate. The king had a right to grant such licenses,
but was not one to refuse fortifications to any loyal citizen
who had the means to build such. The idea that licenses were
designed to preserve the peace in the realm is said to be
a Victorian concept, largely based in prejudice against the
French, and is not supported by factual evidence.
'Thomas
de Blemansopp' was granted a license for 'mansum
suum de Blemansoppe in marchia Scocia' in the king's
name (by letter of the keeper of the privy seal) on fourth
of February 1340. Ratified, by privy seal, on the eleventh
May 1340 when 'Thomas de Blendensop' was granted
license for 'mansuum suum de Blenkensope'. The
King in question would be Edward III. The issue of a license
by letter of the keeper was a unique occurrence, but the
ratification is a standard grant. [Source:
Philip Davis]
|
Blenkinsopp Hall circa 1875 (Source: Blankenship
Origins by Donald Blankenship) |
| Above is
an image of Blenkinsopp Hall circa 1875 taken from Donald Blankenship's Blankenship
Origins web page. For the complete history
of the surname, I highly recommend his site. It is very informative
and well designed. The image below is of the castle around
the same time. Blenkinsopp Castle passed into the hands of Colonel
John Blenkinsopp Coulson of Jesmond by way of
marriage in the year 1727. Colonel Coulson built Blenkinsopp
Hall (above), a beautiful castellated mansion. The
family officially took the additional name of Blenkinsopp in
1785 to reflect their inheritance. A century later, William
Lisle Blenkinsopp Coulson, Esq. of Jesmond restored
the hall and built the modern castle that can be seen today. |
Blenkinsopp Hall circa 1875 (Source: Blankenship
Origins by Donald Blankenship) |

Blenkinsopp Hall circa 2002. (Source Brian
Henderson)
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Blenkinsopp Hall circa 2002. (Source Brian
Henderson)
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Blenkinsopp Hall circa 2002. (Source Brian
Henderson)
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Blenkinsopp Hall circa 2002. (Source Brian
Henderson)
|
Special appreciation for resource material |
I would
like to give a special thanks to Brian Henderson of England
for the three photographs pictured to the left. He was
nice enough to provide them for my site. His father's
residence adjoins the castle grounds. Brian hosted a
site called Blenkinsopp Webpage . In the past,
I always recommended it to readers and provided a link;
however, it appears that the hyperlink is no longer valid
and no forwarding address is provided. |
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| History
of the surrounding Cumbria region |
Blenkinsopp
Castle is located near Greenhead, Cumbria in Northern England.
It sits on a knoll above the River Tippalt between Greenhead
and Haltwhistle. This lies in the very heart of the Northumbria
region which defines the northeastern border between England
and Scotland. Historically, this area seemed to be in a
state of constant unrest, and thus it was home to a strong
and rugged people. Roman influence can still be seen all
across the region in the form of roads, forts, castles,
and the most prominent feature--Hadrian's Wall.
Built by the conquering Legions to divide Roman Britain
from the savage Northmen both militarily and psychologically,
the wall stretches from coast to coast and runs through
the heart of Northumberland. When the Roman Empire began
to collapse, the majority of the Legions were recalled
from Britain. Their departure left a power vacuum that
was quickly filled by waves of Anglo-Saxon armies. The
struggle that followed saw rise to the historical King
Arthur whose most credible sphere of dominance appears
to have been mainly around the Hadrian and Antonine
Walls. The Saxons did eventually gain control of England,
but they would only rule it for a few centuries before
the Vikings began their own influx. In 1066, William of
Normandy conquered the realm and forged the realm of England
as it is known today.
Over the course of several centuries, English kings
attempted to exert their dominance over Scotland. A state of perpetual war ensued.
This period of conflict was filled with countless raids and skirmishes and even
full-scale pitched battles. The people of the region were known to be as harsh
as their homeland. It was this state of eternal strife that led to the birth
of Blenkinsopp Castle.
|
Source: Unknown |
The
White Lady: a Blenkinsopp ghost story
There
is reportedly a popular local legend about a ghost known
as the White Lady of Blenkinsopp.
She is said to guard a lost treasure that has supposedly
been passed down through the generations. The interesting
story of her sad demise and the fortune that has never
been discovered can be found on a number of web sites
dedicated to the Haltwhistle region. The following account
of the legend of the White Lady is taken from Geordies
Tales:
Could there
be a hidden fortune in gold? Legend relates that a
Blenkinsopp of the Middle Ages once declared that he
would marry only the lady who would present him with
a chest of gold requiring ten of his strongest men
to carry.
Later, in common with other bold men of his time, Bryan de Blenkinsopp went
off to the Holy Wars and there met a lady who could fulfil his requirements.
She returned with him to the castle, followed by a chest of gold that required
twelve men to carry.
But there was no happiness for Blenkinsopp and his dusky-skinned bride from the
east. It was an ill-matched marriage and arguments grew daily more fierce. The
lady eventually decided to cheat her avaricious husband and ordered some trusted
servants of her own race (presumably brought with her from her native land) to
secretly carry off the chest of gold and bury it deep in the castle vaults.
Husband and wife later disappeared mysteriously leaving their servants behind
them. They hinted that their master's wife had really been a
"child of darkness", a demon sent to punish Blenkinsopp for
his greed.
Certainly, one fact remains. The Blenkinsopp hoard, if it ever existed,
has remained hidden from human sight to this day...
Since that time, I have discovered a more complete
version of the story on the Internet
Sacred Text Archive.
It tells the current ghost story as well as fills in the
missing pieces of the back story as well. The article is
printed here in its entirity:
Like almost all the old Northumbrian castles and
peels, Blenkinsopp has the reputation of being haunted.
A gloomy vault under the castle is said to have buried
in it a large chest of gold, hidden in the troublous
times: some say by a lady whose spirit cannot rest so
long as it is there, and who used formerly to appear--though
not, that we have heard, for the last four or five decades--clothed
in white from head to foot, and so was known as "The
White Lady."
About the beginning of this century several of
the least ruinous apartments in the castle were still
occupied by a hind on the estate and some cotters. Indeed,
two or three of them continued to be so down to the year
1820 or thereabouts. The visits of the White Lady seem
to have been unfrequent latterly, and for some considerable
time they had ceased. One night, however, shortly after
retiring to rest, the hind and his wife (so the story
goes) were alarmed on hearing loud and reiterated screams
coming from an adjoining room, in which one of the children,
a boy of about eight years of age, had been laid to sleep.
On hastily rushing in to see what was the matter, they
found the boy sitting trembling on his pillow, terror-struck
and bathed in perspiration. "The White Lady! the
White Lady!" he screamed, as soon as he saw them. "What
Lady?" cried the astonished parents, looking round
the room; "there is no lady here." "She
is gone," replied the boy, "and she looked
so angry at me because I would not go with her. She was
a fine lady, and she sat down on my bedside and wrung
her hands and cried sore. Then she kissed me and asked
me to go with her, and she would make me a rich man,
as she had buried a large box of gold many hundred years
since, down in the vault; and she would give it to me,
as she could not rest so long as it was there. When I
told her I durst not go, she said she would carry me,
and she was lifting me up when I cried out and I frightened
her away." The hind and his wife, both very sensible
people, concluded that the child had been dreaming and
at length succeeded in quieting him and getting him to
sleep. But for three successive nights they were disturbed
in the same manner, the boy repeating the same story
with little variation, so that they were forced to let
him sleep in the same apartment with themselves, when
the apparition no longer visited him. The effect upon
the boy's mind however, was such that nothing ever afterwards
would induce him to enter into any part of the old castle
alone even in daylight.
The legend of the White Lady
is not one of those that unsophisticated country people
willingly let die; and the belief that treasure lies
hidden under the grim old ruin waiting to be disinterred,
is probably still entertained by not a few. Indeed, there
is hardly a place of the kind, either in this country
or any other, regarding which some such impression does
not exist.
About fifty years since, we are told,
a strange lady arrived at the village of Greenhead, and
took up her quarters at the inn there. She told the landlady,
in confidence, that she had had a wonderful dream, to
the effect that a large chest of gold lay buried in the
vault of Blenkinsopp Castle, and that she was to be the
person to find it. She stayed several weeks, awaiting
the return of the owner of the property to ask leave
to search; but she either got tired of waiting, or could
not obtain permission, and so she went away without accomplishing
her purpose, and the hidden treasure, if there be such
a thing there, remains for some more fortunate person
to bring to the light of day.
Tradition accounts
for the alleged hiding of the gold in the following way:--One
of the castellans in the middle ages, named Bryan de
Blenkinsopp, familiarly Bryan Blenship, was as avaricious
as he was bold, daring, and lawless. He was once heard
to say, when taunted with being a fusty old bachelor,
that he would never marry until he met with a lady possessed
of a chest of gold heavier than ten of his strongest
men could carry into his castle; and fate, it seems,
had ordained that he would keep his word. For, going
to the wars abroad, whether to the Holy Land to fight
against the Saracens, or to Hungary to oppose the Turks,
we cannot tell, and staying away several years, he met
with a lady in some far country, who came up to his expectations,
courted her, married her, and brought her home, together
with a chest of gold which it took twelve strong men
to lift. Bryan Blenkinsopp was now the richest man in
the North of England; but it soon transpired that his
riches had not brought him happiness, but the reverse.
He and his lady quarrelled continually--a fact which
could not long be concealed; and one day when the unhappy
couple had had a more serious difference than usual,
Sir Bryan was heard to utter threats, in reply to his
wife's bitter reproaches, which seemed to indicate that
he meant to get rid of her as soon as he could without
any more formality or fuss than if they had merely been "handfasted," that is, pledged
to each other for a year and a day. The lady muttered
something in return, which could not be distinctly heard
by the servants, and so the affair, for the nonce, seemed
to end. But a very short time afterwards--possibly the
next night--the indignant, ill-used lady got the foreign
men-servants who had accompanied her to the castle to
take up the precious chest and bury it deep in some secret
place out of her miserly husband's reach, where it lies
to this day. Accounts differ as to what followed. Some
say Sir Bryan disappeared shortly after be discovered
his loss; others say the lady disappeared first; but
it is affirmed that they both disappeared in a mysterious
manner, and that neither of them was ever afterwards
seen. It was, moreover, sagely hinted that the lady was "something
uncanny,"--in plain terms, an imp of darkness, sent
with her wealth to ensnare Sir Bryan's greedy soul. At
any rate folks were sure that she was an infidel, for
she never went to church, and used on Sundays to sing
hymns to Mahoun, or some other false god, in an unknown
tongue in her own room.
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