4E - Colson Family
Lonnie Colson.com - Way more than you ever wanted to know about me
Summer 2008 Edition 
  Blenkinsopp Castle  
With Lexi
  Blenkinsopp Castle as it appears today. (Source: Donald Blankenship)
Blenkinsopp Castle history
How a family home became a castle

     On 6 May 1340--or 1339 according to John Watson's Haltwistle History Thomas Blenkinsopp was granted license to crenellate his home at Blenkinsopp. The term 'crenellate' refers to the act of transforming a manor into a stronghold by adding battlements and other reinforcements to its design. Such construction was regulated in order to maintain peace in the realm, and a royal license was required to begin modifications of this kind. The land it was built on had been in family hands since 1240 when it belonged to Randolph de Blenkinsopp. By the year 1415--the same year as the Battle of Agincourt--it was listed as a castrum in regional records. Somewhere in the 1400s, a man named Dobson recorded, the northeast tower was altered. His document is undated and not very specific, but it does lend evidence that the castle was being put to use. This was the period of the Border Reivers, an infamous confederation of semi-lawless lords who prospered during the conflict between England and Scotland. The Blenkinsopp family is known to have been among them. By 1542, the castle had fallen into decay and was abandoned in favor of the Tower of Bellister.
     According to research by Dr. Charles Coulson, the aforementioned source has been discredited. Through his research, he determined that crenellation was very often symbolic and did not turn buildings into strongholds; crenellations were very much seen as symbols of nobility. A royal license was not 'required' to fortify a building, but rather a document desired for its considerable social cachet. However, many castles and towers were nonetheless fortified without such license and many completely unfortified buildings were granted licenses to crenellate. The king had a right to grant such licenses, but was not one to refuse fortifications to any loyal citizen who had the means to build such. The idea that licenses were designed to preserve the peace in the realm is said to be a Victorian concept, largely based in prejudice against the French, and is not supported by factual evidence.
     'Thomas de Blemansopp' was granted a license for 'mansum suum de Blemansoppe in marchia Scocia' in the king's name (by letter of the keeper of the privy seal) on fourth of February 1340. Ratified, by privy seal, on the eleventh May 1340 when 'Thomas de Blendensop' was granted license for 'mansuum suum de Blenkensope'. The King in question would be Edward III. The issue of a license by letter of the keeper was a unique occurrence, but the ratification is a standard grant. [Source: Philip Davis]

Blenkinsopp Hall c.1875
Blenkinsopp Hall circa 1875 (Source: Blankenship Origins by Donald Blankenship)
     Above is an image of Blenkinsopp Hall circa 1875 taken from Donald Blankenship's Blankenship Origins web page. For the complete history of the surname, I highly recommend his site. It is very informative and well designed. The image below is of the castle around the same time. Blenkinsopp Castle passed into the hands of Colonel John Blenkinsopp Coulson of Jesmond by way of marriage in the year 1727. Colonel Coulson built Blenkinsopp Hall (above), a beautiful castellated mansion. The family officially took the additional name of Blenkinsopp in 1785 to reflect their inheritance. A century later, William Lisle Blenkinsopp Coulson, Esq. of Jesmond restored the hall and built the modern castle that can be seen today.
Blenkinsopp Hall c.1875
Blenkinsopp Hall circa 1875 (Source: Blankenship Origins by Donald Blankenship)
Blenkinsopp Castle
Blenkinsopp Hall circa 2002. (Source Brian Henderson)

Blenkinsopp Castle
Blenkinsopp Hall circa 2002. (Source Brian Henderson)

Blenkinsopp Castle
Blenkinsopp Hall circa 2002. (Source Brian Henderson)

Blenkinsopp Castle
Blenkinsopp Hall circa 2002. (Source Brian Henderson)

Special appreciation for resource material

     I would like to give a special thanks to Brian Henderson of England for the three photographs pictured to the left. He was nice enough to provide them for my site. His father's residence adjoins the castle grounds. Brian hosted a site called Blenkinsopp Webpage . In the past, I always recommended it to readers and provided a link; however, it appears that the hyperlink is no longer valid and no forwarding address is provided.
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History of the surrounding Cumbria region

     Blenkinsopp Castle is located near Greenhead, Cumbria in Northern England. It sits on a knoll above the River Tippalt between Greenhead and Haltwhistle. This lies in the very heart of the Northumbria region which defines the northeastern border between England and Scotland. Historically, this area seemed to be in a state of constant unrest, and thus it was home to a strong and rugged people. Roman influence can still be seen all across the region in the form of roads, forts, castles, and the most prominent feature--Hadrian's Wall. Built by the conquering Legions to divide Roman Britain from the savage Northmen both militarily and psychologically, the wall stretches from coast to coast and runs through the heart of Northumberland. When the Roman Empire began to collapse, the majority of the Legions were recalled from Britain. Their departure left a power vacuum that was quickly filled by waves of Anglo-Saxon armies. The struggle that followed saw rise to the historical King Arthur whose most credible sphere of dominance appears to have been mainly around the Hadrian and Antonine Walls. The Saxons did eventually gain control of England, but they would only rule it for a few centuries before the Vikings began their own influx. In 1066, William of Normandy conquered the realm and forged the realm of England as it is known today.
     Over the course of several centuries, English kings attempted to exert their dominance over Scotland. A state of perpetual war ensued. This period of conflict was filled with countless raids and skirmishes and even full-scale pitched battles. The people of the region were known to be as harsh as their homeland. It was this state of eternal strife that led to the birth of Blenkinsopp Castle.


Greenhead Map
Source: Unknown

The White Lady: a Blenkinsopp ghost story

There is reportedly a popular local legend about a ghost known as the White Lady of Blenkinsopp. She is said to guard a lost treasure that has supposedly been passed down through the generations. The interesting story of her sad demise and the fortune that has never been discovered can be found on a number of web sites dedicated to the Haltwhistle region. The following account of the legend of the White Lady is taken from Geordies Tales:

     Could there be a hidden fortune in gold? Legend relates that a Blenkinsopp of the Middle Ages once declared that he would marry only the lady who would present him with a chest of gold requiring ten of his strongest men to carry.

     Later, in common with other bold men of his time, Bryan de Blenkinsopp went off to the Holy Wars and there met a lady who could fulfil his requirements. She returned with him to the castle, followed by a chest of gold that required twelve men to carry.
But there was no happiness for Blenkinsopp and his dusky-skinned bride from the east. It was an ill-matched marriage and arguments grew daily more fierce. The lady eventually decided to cheat her avaricious husband and ordered some trusted servants of her own race (presumably brought with her from her native land) to secretly carry off the chest of gold and bury it deep in the castle vaults.

     Husband and wife later disappeared mysteriously leaving their servants behind them. They hinted that their master's wife had really been a "child of darkness", a demon sent to punish Blenkinsopp for his greed.

     Certainly, one fact remains. The Blenkinsopp hoard, if it ever existed, has remained hidden from human sight to this day...

     Since that time, I have discovered a more complete version of the story on the Internet Sacred Text Archive. It tells the current ghost story as well as fills in the missing pieces of the back story as well. The article is printed here in its entirity:

      Like almost all the old Northumbrian castles and peels, Blenkinsopp has the reputation of being haunted. A gloomy vault under the castle is said to have buried in it a large chest of gold, hidden in the troublous times: some say by a lady whose spirit cannot rest so long as it is there, and who used formerly to appear--though not, that we have heard, for the last four or five decades--clothed in white from head to foot, and so was known as "The White Lady."

      About the beginning of this century several of the least ruinous apartments in the castle were still occupied by a hind on the estate and some cotters. Indeed, two or three of them continued to be so down to the year 1820 or thereabouts. The visits of the White Lady seem to have been unfrequent latterly, and for some considerable time they had ceased. One night, however, shortly after retiring to rest, the hind and his wife (so the story goes) were alarmed on hearing loud and reiterated screams coming from an adjoining room, in which one of the children, a boy of about eight years of age, had been laid to sleep. On hastily rushing in to see what was the matter, they found the boy sitting trembling on his pillow, terror-struck and bathed in perspiration. "The White Lady! the White Lady!" he screamed, as soon as he saw them. "What Lady?" cried the astonished parents, looking round the room; "there is no lady here." "She is gone," replied the boy, "and she looked so angry at me because I would not go with her. She was a fine lady, and she sat down on my bedside and wrung her hands and cried sore. Then she kissed me and asked me to go with her, and she would make me a rich man, as she had buried a large box of gold many hundred years since, down in the vault; and she would give it to me, as she could not rest so long as it was there. When I told her I durst not go, she said she would carry me, and she was lifting me up when I cried out and I frightened her away." The hind and his wife, both very sensible people, concluded that the child had been dreaming and at length succeeded in quieting him and getting him to sleep. But for three successive nights they were disturbed in the same manner, the boy repeating the same story with little variation, so that they were forced to let him sleep in the same apartment with themselves, when the apparition no longer visited him. The effect upon the boy's mind however, was such that nothing ever afterwards would induce him to enter into any part of the old castle alone even in daylight.

      The legend of the White Lady is not one of those that unsophisticated country people willingly let die; and the belief that treasure lies hidden under the grim old ruin waiting to be disinterred, is probably still entertained by not a few. Indeed, there is hardly a place of the kind, either in this country or any other, regarding which some such impression does not exist.
      About fifty years since, we are told, a strange lady arrived at the village of Greenhead, and took up her quarters at the inn there. She told the landlady, in confidence, that she had had a wonderful dream, to the effect that a large chest of gold lay buried in the vault of Blenkinsopp Castle, and that she was to be the person to find it. She stayed several weeks, awaiting the return of the owner of the property to ask leave to search; but she either got tired of waiting, or could not obtain permission, and so she went away without accomplishing her purpose, and the hidden treasure, if there be such a thing there, remains for some more fortunate person to bring to the light of day.

      Tradition accounts for the alleged hiding of the gold in the following way:--One of the castellans in the middle ages, named Bryan de Blenkinsopp, familiarly Bryan Blenship, was as avaricious as he was bold, daring, and lawless. He was once heard to say, when taunted with being a fusty old bachelor, that he would never marry until he met with a lady possessed of a chest of gold heavier than ten of his strongest men could carry into his castle; and fate, it seems, had ordained that he would keep his word. For, going to the wars abroad, whether to the Holy Land to fight against the Saracens, or to Hungary to oppose the Turks, we cannot tell, and staying away several years, he met with a lady in some far country, who came up to his expectations, courted her, married her, and brought her home, together with a chest of gold which it took twelve strong men to lift. Bryan Blenkinsopp was now the richest man in the North of England; but it soon transpired that his riches had not brought him happiness, but the reverse. He and his lady quarrelled continually--a fact which could not long be concealed; and one day when the unhappy couple had had a more serious difference than usual, Sir Bryan was heard to utter threats, in reply to his wife's bitter reproaches, which seemed to indicate that he meant to get rid of her as soon as he could without any more formality or fuss than if they had merely been "handfasted," that is, pledged to each other for a year and a day. The lady muttered something in return, which could not be distinctly heard by the servants, and so the affair, for the nonce, seemed to end. But a very short time afterwards--possibly the next night--the indignant, ill-used lady got the foreign men-servants who had accompanied her to the castle to take up the precious chest and bury it deep in some secret place out of her miserly husband's reach, where it lies to this day. Accounts differ as to what followed. Some say Sir Bryan disappeared shortly after be discovered his loss; others say the lady disappeared first; but it is affirmed that they both disappeared in a mysterious manner, and that neither of them was ever afterwards seen. It was, moreover, sagely hinted that the lady was "something uncanny,"--in plain terms, an imp of darkness, sent with her wealth to ensnare Sir Bryan's greedy soul. At any rate folks were sure that she was an infidel, for she never went to church, and used on Sundays to sing hymns to Mahoun, or some other false god, in an unknown tongue in her own room.



 
 

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